结构符号学 构造壳体结构的符号学潜力

Structural Semiology The Semiological Potentials of Tectonic Shell Structures

在如今复杂的网络化社会中,"连接"成为建筑师的核心能力,其目标是建立一个类似多方沟通机制下的建筑环境。基于不同荷载或符号学情况的结构系统的适应性差异化为"构造连接"提供了许多的机会。由此,这种差异化使"构造连接"比现代主义的、均质的重复秩序更具辨识性。为了充分开发这点,建筑师需要和工程师紧密合作,寻找最合适的选择。建筑物是高度整合的系统体系,各系统相互关联、相辅相成以满足建筑、结构、功能、空间、符号和氛围的要求。维也纳哈迪德工作室秉承"参数化主义"的教学议题,一直努力将这些不同层级的系统无缝整合进数字化设计过程中。工作坊的项目"参数化符号学——里约热内卢2016年奥林匹克公园"研究了参数化生成建筑形式的符号学能力,为体育场所及其相关项目设施开发了非常具有创新性的空间模型。为此,符号和结构便成了参数化模型的驱动层级,以测试"构造连接"的符号学潜力。这随后带来了壳体结构这一建筑原型的发展,它拥有根据符号学标准组织和分化的潜力,并能因其自身结构逻辑和周遭场地环境而进一步连接。这篇文章讨论的便是这一设计研究及其所含理论、概念和策略的成果。

In a complex networked society, the architect＇s core competency becomes the task of articulation in order to establish the built environment as a communicative frame for its users. The adaptive differentiation of load bearing structures according to different load cases or to semiological aspects afford many opportunities for tectonic articulation. A thus differentiated environment is much more legible than the modernist, isotropic order of repetition. To fully exploit this, architects need to closely collaborate with engineers, orchestrating the most suitable options. Buildings have to be understood as highly integrated systems, that are inter-articulated and correlated, complementing each other in order to fulfil architectural, structural, functional, spatial, semiotic and atmospheric criteria. Studio Hadid Vienna has - within their agenda of Parametricism - been striving to integrate these systems＇ different layers seamlessly into the digital design process. Researching the semiological capacity of parametrically generated architectural forms, the project ＇Parametric Semiology： Olympic Park Rio de Janeiro 2016＇ calls for the development of radically innovative spatial models for the sport venues and their related programme. To that end semiology and structure become the driving layers of a parametric model to test tectonic articulations for their semiological potentials. This leads to the development of proto- architectural shell structures, that hold the potential to be organized and differentiated according to semiological criteria, that are further articulated within their own structural logics and subsequently contextualized on site. Results of this design research and its underlying theories, concepts, and strategies are discussed in this paper.