理解非正规就业:异质性雇佣成本、社会福利与稳定化政策

The Understanding of Informal Employment: Heterogeneous Hiring Cost,Social Welfare and Stabilization Policy

在一个包含名义价格刚性、名义工资刚性和异质性雇佣成本的多部门模型中,考察了劳动力在正规部门与非正规部门之间的流动及其宏观经济效应。外生冲击的贝叶斯脉冲响应函数表明,失业在外生冲击下表现出较强的持续性,并且正规部门与非正规部门之间的显著性差异使得中国劳动力市场存在显著的"失业回滞"问题。社会福利分析的结果发现,尽管非正规部门的广泛存在通过降低名义价格刚性和名义工资刚性实现了社会福利的改善,但整体而言非正规部门与正规部门的显著性差异导致了社会福利的恶化。在此基础上,采用对失业做出反应的政策机制以及进行劳动力市场结构性改革,有利于稳定劳动力市场,也有利于降低非正规部门广泛存在引起的社会福利损失。

In a multi-sector model with nominal price rigidities,nominal wage rigidities and heterogeneous hiring cost,the paper investigates labor flows between formal sectors and informal sectors and its macroeconomic effect. The Bayesian impulse response function of exogenous shocks shows that unemployment has strong persistence due to the shocks,and the significant difference between formal and informal sectors leads to the problem of unemployment hysteresis of the labor market. The result of social welfare analysis argues that though the prevailing existence of informal sectors improve the social welfare by decreasing nominal price and wage rigidities,the significant difference between formal and informal sectors deteriorates the social welfare in general. Based on this,the policy targeting unemployment and the structural reforms of labor market may help to stabilize the labor market and decrease the social welfare loss caused by the prevailing existence of informal sectors.