技术动因、制度调节与中国对外直接投资——基于引力模型的实证分析

Technical Motivation,System Adjustment and China's OFDI——An Empirical Study Based on the Gravity Model

利用2003-2012年中国对87个国家的OFDI数据,基于广义最小二乘法分析了政治制度和经济制度及制度距离对中国OFDI技术动因的调节效应。结果表明,中国对低技术水平国家存在技术输出特征,对高技术水平国家存在技术获取特征。制度及制度距离对中国在高、低两类技术水平国家的OFDI的调节存在较大差异。在低技术水平国家,东道国政治制度和经济制度越差、与中国的政治制度和经济制度距离越大越有利于增强低技术水平对中国OFDI的引力;在高技术水平国家,经济制度增强高技术水平对中国OFDI的引力,而政治制度则限制中国OFDI的技术获取,与中国的政治和经济制度距离越小越能促进东道国高技术水平的吸引力。

By using the OFDI data of China to 87 countries from 2003 to 2012 and the generalized least square method,the paper examines the adjustment effect of political system,economic system and institutional distance to the technology motivation of China＇s OFDI. The result shows that China has technical output to low-tech countries and technical seeking to high-tech countries. The adjustment effects of system and institutional distance on China＇s OFDI have big difference between low-tech countries and high-tech countries. In low-tech countries,if the political and economic systems are worse than China and the institutional distance between the host countries and China is large,these may help to enhance the attraction of China＇s OFDI to the countries. In high-tech countries,the economic system enhances the attraction of high-tech on China＇s OFDI while the political system limits the technical seeking of China＇s OFDI. In high-tech countries,the smaller the distance of political and economic systems between the host countries and China,the more attraction of host countries＇ high-tech may have on China＇s OFDI.