基于城市设计与《景观法》的横滨MM21滨海区景观规划探究

Research on Landscape Planning for MM21 Seafront Area in Yokohama Based on Urban Design and Landscape Act

横滨MM21是日本近年来最成功的滨海开发项目。其开发理念以环境、景观为核心,并采取了一系列有效的景观规划与控制手法。MM21的景观建设意识与规划手段贯穿于规划、设计、建设、管理的各个环节,其基本框架建立在城市设计与《景观法》体制上。城市设计确定了岸线、街区与建筑轮廓,景观法规定了景观规划的主体、程序、权利与义务关系等。基于《景观法》的规定,MM21地区编制了景观规划与导则。其经验表明,景观规划是综合性的环境空间控制,需要多层次规划与法规体系支撑,并采取定量定性相结合的技术手法,《景观法》对最终的景观项目顺利推进提供了法律依据。

Yokohama MM21 is the most successful seafront area development project in Japan in recent years. As to MM21 development, landscape and environment is the core of concept, and a series of effective landscape planning and control technique are taken. Consciousness of landscape control and planning method exists in the urban planning, design, construction, and management, and the basic framework is established in the system of urban design andLandscape Act. Urban design determines the shoreline, building blocks contour, andLandscape Act stipulates the rights and obligations relationship in landscape project. Based onLandscape Act, landscape planning and guideline are made for MM21. The experience shows that, landscape planning is a comprehensive control method to environment, in which combination of quantitative and qualitative techniques are necessary to be used. Multi-level planning and legislation system are bases to landscape planning, andLandscape Act is the legal basis to landscape project.