中国农村空心化演进机理与调控策略

Evolution mechanism and regulation strategies of hollowed villages in China

农村空心化已成为统筹城乡发展与新农村建设的障碍因素。影响农村空心化演进的主要因素包括资源环境禀赋、农业生产发展、城镇化与工业化推进、社会文化变迁、基础设施建设、居民生计多元化转型、户籍制度、土地利用制度及管理政策等。研究发现,根据各因素作用力方向的差异,可划分为内核推动力、外援拉动力和系统突变力3类驱动力。内核推动力对农村空心化的演进与发展发挥着基础性、内发性推动作用,而农村外援系统的拉动力是主导驱动力,系统突变力可能带来农村空心化演进的突变,共同构成农村空心化演进的"三力"驱动机理。农村空心化演进的一般过程划分为初期缓慢发展阶段、中期快速成长阶段、后期波动稳定阶段和转型消退阶段4个阶段,各阶段特征差异显著。提出宏观政策机制创新、制度改革与建设、综合利用区域发展战略和创新调控模式等调控措施。

Rural hollowing has become the obstacle factor for balancing urban and rural development and construction of new countryside. This paper makes a deep analysis of the influencing factors in rural hollowing evolution about resource and environment endowments, development of agricultural, promoted of urbanization and industrialization, social and cultural changes, infrastructure, transition of diversification of livelihoods, the household registration, land-use and management policies. Then it is divided into three driving force with the difference of direction as the core driving force who plays a fundamental and within driving role, pulling force who plays a role as main driving force and the mutation force who may make mutate into evolution, which constitute the dynamic mechanism of evolution together. As the different ways of ＂three forces＂, it is taken on devious evolution path, such as the slow steady rise path by the core driving force, the rapid fluctuation path by pulling force, the sporadic mutation path by the mutation force and the superposition path by all the force. Rural hollowing evolution can be divided into four stages including the early slow stages, the mid-phase of rapid growth, fluctuation steady phase and transition subsided phase, each stage features present significant difference. Finally, regulation mechanism of rural hollowing are put forward as macro-policy mechanism innovation, system reform and construction, comprehensive utilization of regional development strategies and innovative remediation models.