基于虚拟水战略的宁夏农业生产空间布局优化研究

Optimizing the spatial distribution of agricultural industry in Ningxia based on virtual water strategy

在虚拟水战略背景下,以宁夏19个县市为研究对象,运用定量分析模型,借助Arc GIS 10.0空间数据管理平台,研究宁夏农业生产空间布局现状,探讨宁夏农业生产空间布局的理想态势。结果表明:1宁夏县域人均农村人口虚拟水量呈现"北高南低"的空间分布格局,发达区域农村人口人均虚拟水量普遍高于欠发达区域,农业生产以北部平原地区为主体进行布局,中南部地区布局较少;2宁夏区域农业生产优势度空间差异显著,整体呈现北部地区高,中南部地区偏低的宏观态势;3农业生产布局合理型的县市有灵武市、永宁县、贺兰县、平罗县、红寺堡区、盐池县、原州区、西吉县、彭阳县、沙坡头区、中宁县和海原县;农业生产布局过密型的县市有银川市、石嘴山市、利通区和同心县;农业生产布局过疏型的县市有青铜峡市和泾源县。在此基础上,提出宁夏水资源短缺县市,应在挖掘农业地域资源潜力的同时,加快探索实施虚拟水战略,而水资源相对丰富的县市,应继续发挥地域水土资源优势,积极发展现代农业,为水资源短缺县市实施虚拟水战略服务。

This paper assessed the spatial distribution of agricultural production using geographic information systems. The results show that the per capita virtual water consumption in Northern Ningxia counties was higher than that in the South. Per capita virtual water in relatively developed region in Ningxia was higher than that of underdeveloped region. In addition, the Northern plain is the center of grain production. Agricultural production was more dominant in Northern Ningxia than in South Central. Specifically, the dominance of agricultural production in Lingwu, Yongning, Helan, Pingluo, Hongsibu, Yanchi, Yuanzhou, Xiji, Pengyang, Shapotou, Zhongning and Haiyuan was reasonable. However, the dominance of agricultural production in Yinchuan, Shizuishan, Litong, Tongxin might not be sustainable due water shortage. There is still room for agricultural production in Qingtongxia and Jingyuan. Consequently, the counties of water shortage should exploit further regional agricultural resources. Some counties of relatively rich water resources should continue to take full advantage of regional soil and water resources and develop modern agriculture to serve water shortages counties to implement virtual water strategy.