配套养殖体系中部分抗生素的污染特征

Pollution characteristics of antibiotics in complete sets of farming system

采用超声提取-固相萃取-高效液相色谱串联质谱技术分析配套养殖体系粪便、水体和沉积物中4种磺胺类(SAs)、2种四环素类(TCs)、2种大环内酯(MLs)和2种喹诺酮类(QLs)抗生素的含量和分布特征.研究结果显示,在水体中共检出8种抗生素,浓度在ND—382 ng·L-1,2种四环素类抗生素未被检出,且水体中抗生素的浓度呈现旱季高于雨季;沉积物中共检出7种抗生素,其浓度分别在ND—3400μg·kg-1范围内,磺胺嘧啶(SDZ)、磺胺甲噁唑(SMX)和罗红霉素(RTM)未被检出;在猪粪和鸭粪中均检出甲氧苄啶(TMP)、诺氟沙星(NFX)、脱水红霉素(ETM-H2O)和罗红霉素(RTM),同时猪粪中还检出2种四环素类,鸭粪中检出磺胺二甲嘧啶(SMZ)和环丙沙星(CFX),其中鸭粪中甲氧苄啶的最高浓度达到6.11 mg·kg-1.研究结果表明,不同介质中抗生素的含量存在一定差异,其中磺胺类抗生素在水体中浓度最高,喹诺酮类和四环素类在沉积物中的浓度最高;粪便中抗生素的种类与施药的种类密切相关,并且可能会加剧抗生素对水体环境的污染.

The occurrence and distribution of four sulfonamides （SAs）, two tetracyclines （TCs）, two macrolides （ MLs ） and two quinolones （ QLs ） in water, sediment and feces collected from typical complete sets of farming system in the southern China were determined using ultrasonic extraction, solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography equipped with tandem mass. Eight antibiotics except for two TCs were found in waters with the concentration in the rang of ND—382 ng·L^-1 . The concentrations of antibiotics in waters appeared seasonal variation. In sediments, seven antibiotics with exception for sulfadiazine （ SDZ） , Sulfamethoxazole （ SMX） and roxithromycin （ RTM） were detected and the concentrations ranged from ND to 3400μg·kg^-1 . In all feces samples, trimethoprim （ TMP ） , norfloxacin （ NFX ） , Dehydration of erythromycin （ ETM？H2O） and roxithromycin （ RTM） were observed besides two TCs for pig feces and sulfamethazine （ SMZ ） and ciprofloxacin （ CFX ） for dunk samples. Especially in duck feces, the highest concentration of TMP was 6.11 mg·kg^-1 . The results from this paper showed that the concentrations of antibiotics varied in different matrices. SAs had the highest concentrations in water, but TCs and QLs in sediments. The concentrations of antibiotics in feces were related to the administrated antibiotics during faming. The results indicates that the complete sets of farming system might enhance the concentration of antibiotics in waters and sediments and intensify the pollution of antibiotics to water environment.