激光钻井技术现状与关键技术

DEVELOPMENT STATUS AND KEY TECHNOLOGIES OF LASER DRILLING

随着钻井深度的增加和钻井成本的提高,传统钻井工艺越来越不能满足勘探开发的需要,在此契机之下,激光钻井技术以具有高速度、低成本、高效率、高安全和低伤害等的钻井优势迅速发展起来。介绍了激光特性、激光钻井的原理和技术研究进展,阐述了激光钻井的优势,分析了激光钻井的关键技术,最后提出了激光钻井技术的未来主要发展方向。认为激光钻井技术在破岩机理、清岩机理、激光传输、激光钻机等方面已经取得许多研究成果,但实现商业化应用还存在一系列难题,如钻井用激光钻机、完善的井控系统、激光参数优选、激光钻井经济性评价、复杂地层激光钻井技术等。随着这几年激光钻井技术的迅速发展,专家预计2020年可能投入商业化应用。如果激光钻井得以应用,将给钻完井带来一场深刻的革命。

With the increase of drilling depth and drilling cost,traditional drilling technology can't meet the needs of oil /gas exploration and development. Laser drilling technology,with high speed,low cost,high efficiency,high security and low pollution and other drilling advantages,was developed rapidly.Based on the introduction of laser features,principles and technical progress of laser drilling,the advantages of laser drilling were illustrated,the key technologies were analyzed,and the main development trend of laser drilling technology was put forward. Although the laser drilling technology has made achievements on the rock fragmentation mechanism,the solid- carrying mechanism,laser transmission,laser drilling machine,etc.,there still exists a series of problems as for the commercial application,including drilling laser drill,perfect well control system,the laser parameters optimization,laser drilling efficiency evaluation,complex formation laser drilling technology and so on.With the rapid development of laser drilling technology over the years,experts estimate that it may be put into commercial application in 2020,which will bring a profound revolution to drilling and well completion.