皇象《急就章》唐代摹本两宋题跋人物考略

Song Dynasty Postscripts to Tang Dynasty Copy of Huang Xiang's Improvisation

《急就章》由西汉元帝时期史游所编,从汉至唐一直是社会流传的主要识字教材,在汉语传播和书法艺术领域具有重大影响。今世所传《急就章》以章草写本最多,中国国家博物馆所藏《澄清堂帖》卷十一,原有两宋时期流传的吴皇象书《急就章》唐摹本刻石,惜已被人割去《急就章》主体,仅存宋人当年鉴赏唐代摹本真迹而留下的题跋和观款十一段。宋以后历代书家与学者对皇象书《急就章》流传情况多有研究,近现代则以容庚、启功诸方家为最,但限于实物的亡失和史料的缺失,对该书在两宋流传情况始终未能清晰厘定。本文将跋语所涉二十三位历史人物生平事略及观、藏唐摹《急就章》情况逐一考证,梳理出皇象《急就章》唐代摹本在两宋时期的八段流转世序,为洞悉中国古代法帖流传情况打开一扇重要的历史窗口。

Improvisation [急就章] was originally compiled by Shi You during Emperor Yuandi’s reign in the Western Han dynasty. Till the end of the Tang dynasty, it was the main literacy textbook and became significant to the spreading of Chinese language and calligraphy. Most of the sur viving pieces of Improvisation are executed in the zhangcao script. Since the Song dynasty, scholars have done many researches on the collecting of Huang Xiang’s Improvisation, the most prominent figures being Rong Geng and Qigong. Because of the missing of the originals and lack of historical documents, however, collecting during the Song dynasty remains unclear. The current author studies eleven sections of Song dynasty postscripts and seal stamps to the Tang dynasty copy of Huang Xiang’s Improvisation recorded in the Cheng Qing Tang Tie [澄清堂帖]（vol. 11, National Museum of China）. Twent y-three historical f igures related to these postscripts and their connoisseur ac tivities are investigated, so as to find out the collecting of Huang Xiang’s Improvisation during the Song dynasty.