2001—2012年北京市空气污染指数节气分布及其与气象要素的关系

API characteristics and its relationships with meteorological factors in different solar terms from 2001 to 2012 in Beijing

利用2001年1月1日至2012年12月31日北京市空气污染指数资料和地面气象观测数据,对北京市API的节气变化特征及其与气象因子在节气尺度上的相关关系进行统计分析。结果表明:2001—2012年北京市春季和冬季分别以清明和小雪节气API最高,空气质量最差;立秋节气API最低,空气质量最好。春分—霜降节气空气首要污染物为PM10,SO2作为首要污染物出现在立冬—大寒和立春—惊蛰节气,小寒达到最大。温度、风速和相对湿度是影响北京空气质量的主要气象因子,立春—谷雨节气空气质量主要受气压影响,立冬—大寒节气空气质量受相对湿度和日照时数影响较大,立夏—霜降节气API与平均气温和最低气温显著相关,风速主要影响春秋节气的空气质量。

Based on air pollution index （API）data from 2001 to 2012 and ground observed meteorological data in Beijing,API characteristics in different solar terms and its relationships with meteorological factors were analyzed. The results indicate that API values in spring and winter from 2001 to 2012 is the highest in Tomb-sweep solar term and Lesser Snow solar term respectively,so air quality is the worst during these two periods.API value is the lowest in the beginning of Autumn of the solar term,so the air quality is the best.The primary pollutant is PM10 from Vernal equinox to Frost fall solar terms,while it is SO2 from the beginning of Winter to Great cold and from the beginning of Spring to Insects awaken solar terms,especially in Slight cold solar term.The air quality in Bei-jing is influenced by temperature,wind speed and relative humidity.Pressure plays an important role for API from the beginning of Spring to Grain rain solar terms,and relative humidity and sunshine duration are important from the beginning of Winter to Great cold solar terms.API has a significant correlation with mean air temperature and maximum air temperature from the beginning of Summer to Frost fall solar terms.Wind speed mainly affects air quality in solar terms of spring and autumn.