纳米材料在无酶葡萄糖传感器中的应用

Application of Nanomaterials in Non-enzyme Glucose Sensor

葡萄糖的精确检测与定量分析广泛应用于食品加工、生物分析、环境监控和医学检测等领域。以生物酶传感器检测葡萄糖具有灵敏度高、选择性强、操作简便快捷等优点。但是,由于生物酶价格昂贵、使用条件苛刻、容易失活等限制了生物酶传感器的广泛应用。发展无酶电化学葡萄糖传感器如今已成为食品、生物、医药检测以及材料、催化领域的研究热点之一。纳米材料如单金属纳米粒子、纳米线、纳米管、金属合金纳米粒子在葡萄糖传感器应用中展示出了很好的催化特性,以纳米材料修饰的传感器表现出高灵敏性、高选择性、低检测限和高稳定性等优点。近年来,纳米无酶电化学传感器已引起高度关注。综述了Au基纳米材料、Pt基纳米材料以及无机非金属纳米材料在无酶葡萄糖传感器中的应用。

The fine detecting and analysis of glucose are widely applied in areas oi rood processmg mctusmes, biological analysis, environment monitoring and medical detecting. Although enzyme based glucose sensors display the advantages of very high sensitivity, excellent selectivity, easy and quick operation, the drawback of the enzyme-modified sensors, for instance, expensiveness, extreme harshness to the environmental conditions and easy activity loss, limiting the wide application of biological enzyme sensor. To address these issues, the development of non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensors has now become a hot research topic in the domains of food, biology, pharmaceutical detection, materials, and catalysis. These nanostructured materials, including single-metal nanoparticles （NPs）, nanowalls/nanowires （NWs）, carbon nanotubes （CNTs）, and metal alloy nanoparticles, exhibit good catalytic properties in a glucose sensor applications. Fortunately, the development of sensor modified by a nano materials has compensated for the poor electrochemical activity of nonenzymatic glucose sensors, which exhibits a lot of advantages of faster sensitivity, high selectivity, lower detection limit and better stability than glucose oxidase-based biosensors. The non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor has recently attracted considerable attention. Herein, the applications of Au based, Pt based and inorganic non-metallic nanomaterials in non-enzymatic glucose sensor are reviewed.