重估弗雷格与胡塞尔的反心理主义思想——以逻辑学为视角

Reconsider about Frege's and Husserl's Thoughts of Anti-psychologism ——From the Perspective of Logic

弗雷格和胡塞尔是20世纪两位重要的哲学家,他们都对哲学中的心理主义思潮进行了猛烈批判,引发了围绕心理主义与反心理主义的持续争论。研究弗雷格和胡塞尔的反心理主义思想有助于揭示他们在哲学上的相互影响与区别,理清分析哲学与大陆哲学分野的线索。当代语言哲学、知识论和逻辑学领域中"自然主义"的复兴让不少哲学家开始重新审视"是否有必要反对心理主义"以及"弗雷格和胡塞尔是否彻底驳倒了心理主义"等问题。从逻辑学视角重估弗雷格和胡塞尔的反心理主义思想将有助于我们把握20世纪西方哲学的发展脉络,深入地思考"心理主义"的含义、心理学乃至自然科学对于哲学在研究主题和方法论上的影响。

Gottlob Frege and Edmund Husserl are the most famous philosophers in 20 th century,both spent much of their time on criticizing philosophical psychologism,and therefore,incurred an everlasting debate on the issue.A comparative study on their anti-psychologism is helpful to investigate their mutual influences and differences,as well as the reasons for analytic and phenomenological divergence.On the other hand,various kinds of naturalism reappear in contemporary philosophy of language,epistemology and logic.So many philosophers begin to wonder whether it is necessary to get rid of philosophical psychologism and whether Frege and Husserl have successfully refuted philosophical psychologism at all.A revaluation of Frege's and Husserl's thoughts of pyschologism would help us to understand the development of philosophy in 20 th century more accurately,and think more thoroughly about the significance of psychologism,the natural science's influence for philosophical methodology and its subject matter.