从终南山隐逸现象看隐士涵义的古今转化

Change of connotation of hermits from ancient time to contemporary age based on hermit phenomenon in Zhongnan Mountain

梳理上古时期的隐士概念、隐士的类型,认为古代隐士的涵义也有一个流变过程,先秦两汉注重非仕即隐的身份特征,魏晋之后"仕"与"隐"的界线逐渐淡化,转而强调隐士的生活情趣、内心状态;因此,终南山等地现代隐士的身份虽然与古代隐士有所不同,但他们远离喧嚣、独守宁静的追求,在精神层面上与古代尤其是魏晋之后的隐士具有相通之处。

This paper intends to analyze the types of hermits by summing up ancient times. The analysis presents the idea that the connotation of hermit changes its conceptions in gradually. For instance, in Qin and Han dynasties, people paid attention to the identification of officials or hermits, while after Wei and Jin dynasties, the boundary between “officials” and “hermits” was weakened. On the contrary, the entertainment as well as the inner thoughts became the focus. Therefore, though the identity of hermits in contemporary age is different from that in the ancient times, they are still in common with hermits in the ancient time on the spiritual level, especially in the time after Wei and Jin dynasties, as they kept away from the society and kept up the peace alone.