江苏省地下水开发利用中的环境地质问题及对策

Environmental geological problems and countermeasures during development and utilization of groundwater in Jiangsu

江苏省地下水在开发利用过程中,由于开采布局不合理和存在"三集中"以及水文环境地质条件脆弱等因素,出现水位逐年下降,并形成区域性超采漏斗,致使部分地段地下水资源枯竭、水质咸化和诱发地面沉降、地裂缝、岩溶塌陷等诸多环境地质问题。本文着重分析全省深层地下水开发利用的四个阶段、主采层区域水位降落漏斗的发展过程和因深层水超量开采诱发的水资源枯竭、水质咸化和地面沉降、地裂缝、岩溶塌陷等环境地质问题的发育特征及演化趋势,从地下水资源管理和可持续发展的角度,提出地下水资源合理利用的对策建议。

Groundwater levels have been found to decline from year to year and regional depression cones of groundwater levels have occurred in Jiangsu Province owing to unreasonable exploitation of groundwater. These, together with a fragile geological--hydrological setting, have resulted in such environmental geological problems as groundwater resource exhaustion, water quality salification, induced land subsidence, ground fissures and karst collapse. This paper analyzes the four phases of deep groundwater exploitation in areas, the developmental courses of regional depression cones of groundwater levels and the development characteristics and evolution trend of the environmental geological problems caused by excess exploitation of deep groundwater. From the viewpoint of groundwater resource management and sustainable development, Put forward the countermeasures and suggestions of rational utilization of water resources.