小麦氮素营养特征与施肥技术的初步研究

Preliminary Study of Nitrogen Nutrition Characteristics and Fertilization Technology on Wheat

为改进贵州小麦氮肥施用技术,提高小麦产量,利用盆栽试验研究了小麦氮素的营养吸收特征特性,探讨了小麦不同的的施肥模式。结果表明:1)小麦氮素吸收最大营养效率期在幼穗分化期,占最大吸收量的46.81%。2)6种不同施肥模式处理的小麦平均产量差异极显著,施肥模式不同,小麦产量亦不同。其中以N2(基肥30%,分蘖肥40%,穗肥30%)处理的产量最高,达到117.6g/盆。N2与N1产量差异不显著,与N4之间差异显著,与N5、N3、N6之间差异极显著。说明重视小麦穗肥的追施,符合小麦的氮素营养吸收特性,能使氮肥在小麦最大营养效率期发挥作用,从而提高产量。

In order to improve the nitrogen application technology of Guizhou and increase the yield of wheat, pot experiments were carried out to study the wheat nitrogen nutrition absorption characteristics, and discussed the different fertilization models of wheat. The results showed that： 1, The period of maximum nutrient efficiency of wheat nitrogen absorption is in young pan- icle differentiation stage, accounts for 46. 81% of the maximum absorption. 2, The average yield of wheat with treatments of 6 different fertilization pattern had extremely significant difference, different fertilization models had different yields. The treat- ment N2（30% basal fertilizer, 40% tillering fertilizer, 30% panicle fertilizer） was the highest yield, reached 117. 6g/pot. The difference of yield between treatment N1 and N2 was not significant but significant compared with treatment N4 and extremely significant among N3, N5, N6. It＇s indicated that pay attention to the application of panicle fertilizer, Because this accords with the wheat nitrogen nutrition absorption characteristics, and can make nitrogen work in the period of maximum nutrient ef- ficiency of wheat. Consequently, the yield of wheat can be increased.