钻井液对四种水生生物的急性毒性研究

Acute Toxicity of Drilling Fluids to Four Species of Aquatic Organisms

在21-25℃下研究了钻井液对卤虫、蒙古裸腹溞、凡纳滨对虾和裸项栉虎鱼的生物毒性效应。试验结果表明,钻井液对卤虫的24、48、72、96h半致死质量浓度分别为36.8、8.94、6.39、4.81g/L;对蒙古裸腹溞96h半致死质量浓度为4.67g/L;对凡纳滨对虾24、48、72、96h的半致死质量浓度分别为39.57、18.20、9.43g/L和7.55g/L;对裸项栉虎鱼24、48、72、96h的半致死质量浓度分别为18.33、8.84、7.11g/L和4.75g/L。凡纳滨对虾的半致死质量浓度最高,卤虫、蒙古裸腹溞和裸项栉虎鱼的半致死质量浓度没有明显差异,从实验室培养条件考虑,卤虫更便于钻井液的毒性评价。

The toxicity of drilling fluids to brine shrimp Artemia saline,water flease Moinamongolica,Pacific white leg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and bareneck goby Ctenogobius gymnauchen was studied at water temperature of 21—25 ℃.The 24hLC50 of brine shrimp was found to be 36.8g/L,48hLC50of8.94g/L,72hLC50 of 6.39g/L and 96hLC50 of 4.81g/L.The 96hLC50 of the water flease was 4.67g/L.The Pacific white leg shrimp had 24hLC50 of 39.57 g,48hLC50of 18.20g/L,72hLC50 of 9.43g/L and 96hLC5 of 7.55g/L.The bareneck goby had 24hLC50 of 18.33g/L,48hLC50 of 8.84g/L,72 h LC50of 7.11g/L and 96hLC50 of 4.75g/L,the maximal LC50value（the highest toxicity tolerance）in Pacific white leg shrimp.There were no significant differences in LC50 value among brine shrimp,water flease and bareneck goby.It is appeared that brine shrimp will be used for drilling fluid toxicity test under a laboratory condition.