海南昌江县濒危药用植物的种群动态

Population Dynamics of Endangered Medicinal Plants in Changjiang County,Hainan

对昌江县的4种濒危药用植物进行调查,分析其大小级结构、静态生命表及存活曲线特征。结果表明:白木香(Aquilaria sinensis)和野龙眼(Dimocarpus longan)种群属于增长型,海南龙血树(Dracaena cambodiana)种群属于衰退型,野荔枝(Litchi chinensis)种群属于稳定型。白木香和野荔枝种群的存活曲线接近DeeveyⅡ型,海南龙血树种群接近DeeveyⅠ型,野龙眼种群接近DeeveyⅢ型。结合静态生命表的分析,整体上白木香和野龙眼种群表现为增长型、海南龙血树种群表现为衰退型、而野荔枝种群表现为稳定型。野生濒危药用植物的生存环境较差,人为干扰明显,需要进行必要的保护。

A field survey was made of the medicinal plants,especially endangered medicinal plants living in Changjiang County（ including the National Nature Reserve of Bawang Mountain）,Hainan Province,China to analyze their population dynamics. A quadrat with 4 subquadrats was made at each representative site in the field survey to record the species,number of trees,tree height,DBH and number of young trees,as well as the geological locations,vegetation and altitude. Four endangered medicinal plant species,Aquilaria sinensis,Dimocarpus longan,Dracaena cambodiana and Litchi chinensis,were selected to analyze their patterns of population size class structure,static life table and the survival curve based on the field survey. Population size class structure analysis showed that both A. sinensis and D. longan populations had an increasing size-class structure,while D. cambodiana and L. chinensis populations had a decreasing and a stable size-class structure,respectively. A. sinensis and L. chinensis populations showed a survival curve of Deevey’s type Ⅱ,and D. cambodiana and D. longan populations had respective survival curves of Deevey’s types Ⅰ and Ⅲ. Combined with the analysis of the static life table the results showed that the size class structure generally tended to increase in both A.sinensis and D. longan populations but decreased in D. cambodiana population and was stable in L. chinensis population. This indicates that these four species of the endangered medicinal plants live in a degraded habitat with a high frequency of human disturbance and are hence recommended for protection and conservation.