朱熹元教育思想发微

On Zhu Xi's Educational Thought

建立于书院教育基础之上的朱熹教育思想十分丰富。这一教育思想与宋代理学家的哲学有密切的关系,反映在朱熹教育思想实践中,表现为朱熹主张以"形而下"的"格物致知"方法为指导,通过《小学》《大学》的学习,达到"为己成物"目的的初、中等教育;以"形而上"的"大而化之"的理想指向为鹄的,通过《中庸》的学习,达到"明诚两进"为目的的圣学(高等)教育。对朱熹《中庸章句》中呈现的理想色彩浓重的圣学教育思想,无论是文本的解读,还是意义的发掘,似乎长期被人忽视。探讨和研究从而揭示出朱熹的以"达贤成圣"为目的的这一元教育思想,不仅具有重要的认识意义、理论意义,甚或具有重要的现实意义。

Zhu Xi＇s educational thought based on acaaemy education of classical lesrning is abun- dant and closely related to Neo-Confucianism philosophy of Song Dynasty, which in his educa- tional thought practice, reflected by his proposition to take studying the concrete nature of things as the guidance and carry out the primary and intermediate education with the purpose of studying for self-cultivation through learning Xiao Xue and Da Xue and the higher education with the purpose of improving both morals and learning through studying Moderation guided by the abstract general cultivation ideal. The strong idealism of his higher educational thought reflected in his Chapters Commentary on Moderation seems to be ignored for long in its not on- ly textual interpretation but also meaning exploration. Through analysis and research, this ar- ticle has revealed Zhu Xi＇s primary educational thought with cultivating a worthy person to a saint as its purpose, which is of not only cognitive and theoretical meaning, but also practical one.