山西省妇女HPV感染基因型分析

Analysis of infection status and genotypes of human papillomavirus of women in Shanxi

目的分析山西省不同年龄段妇女感染人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）的基因型分布,为预防HPV感染和宫颈癌防治提供依据。方法利用DNA杂交技术对妇科门诊20~60岁的生殖道炎患者和无生殖道炎患者共749例进行HPV基因亚型检测。结果生殖道炎患者HPV检出率为30.60%,显著高于无生殖道炎患者的20.47%（P〈0.05）,二者差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。两组共检出18种HPV基因亚型,其中高危型HPV感染率为78.76%,以HPV16最高;低危型感染率为21.24%,以HPV81为主。单一感染高于多重感染。生殖道炎患者的单纯高危型和混合型感染率高于无生殖道炎患者,而单纯低危型感染率则相反。不同年龄段的HPV感染率存在明显差异（P〈0.05）,并且在30~40岁和50~60岁的生殖道炎患者中出现感染高峰。结论山西省30~40岁女性和绝经后妇女易感染HPV,以高危型为主,加强其HPV感染的筛查、监测和治疗有助于宫颈癌的防治。

Objective To analyze the distribution pattern of human papillomavirus（HPV） genotypes in different age groups of the women in Shanxi and provide theoretical support for preventing and treating cervical cancer. Method Cervical epithelium samples were obtained from 749 patients of 20 ~60 years old with or without genital tract inflammation in Department of Gynecology. DNA hybridization technique was carried out for HPV genotyping. Results Among the patients with genital tract inflammation, HPV positive rate was 30.60%. Among the patients without genital tract inflammation, it was 20.47%. There was significant difference between the two groups（P 〈0.05）. Among the patients infected with HPV, 18 HPV genotypes were found. High-risk HPV infection was accounted for 78.76%. The most commonly detected genotype was HPV16. Low-risk HPV was accounted for 21.24%; the most common HPV genotype was HPV81. The prevalence rate of single HPV infection was higher than that of multiple infection. The infection rates of simple high-risk HPV and mixed type among the patients with genital tract inflammation were higher than those among the patients without genital tract inflammation. Furthermore, the infection rates of HPV were significantly different among different age groups（P〈0.05）, and the infection rates were high among 50~60 and 30~40 years old patients with genital tract inflammation. Conclusion The women, who were 30~40 years old or after menopause, tend to be infected with HPV, and the infection types were mostly high-risk genotypes. In conclusion, it is very important to screen and monitor HPV genotypes in these patients, especially those with genital tract inflammation.