‘红阳’猕猴桃设施栽培与露地栽培比较研究

Comparative study on protected cultivation and open cultivation of ‘Hongyang’ kiwifruit

为了探究一种适合江浙沪地区‘红阳'猕猴桃栽培的模式并实现猕猴桃规模化种植,以上海市崇明林业站果树标准化生产示范基地3年生‘红阳'猕猴桃为试材,在不同栽培条件下,比较分析了温度、湿度、光强等环境因素对‘红阳'猕猴桃成活率、生长量、产量及抗病性、果实品质的影响。结果表明:设施栽培的猕猴桃溃疡病株率为O%,露地栽培为23.5%;与露地栽培相比,设施栽培的猕猴桃叶片病害发病率下降了71.3%,果实日灼病斑率降低了86.8%;因设施栽培改善了‘红阳'猕猴桃的生长微环境,产量提高了1.26倍,果实单果重提高了19.1%;设施栽培果实后熟后的可溶性固形物含量为18.2%,100g果实维生素C含量为160 mg,分别高于露地栽培果实3.4%和25%,口感浓甜、酸味淡,果皮亮度提高。以上结果说明设施栽培可有效提高‘红阳'猕猴桃的产量及品质。

In order to explore a suitable pattern of planting ＇Hongyang＇ kiwifruit in Jiangsu-Zhejiang-Shanghai region and realize the mass production of kiwifruit,the 3-year-old ＇Hongyang＇ kiwifruit from the Chongming Standardization Production Demonstration Base of Fruit Trees was used as a test material,and in different cultivation conditions the effects of such environmental factors as temperature,humidity and light intensity on the kiwifruit＇s survival rate,growth quantity,disease resistance,and fruit yield and quality were comparatively analyzed.The results showed that the diseased plant rate of bacterial canker was 0%in protected cultivation but 23.5%in open cultivation;Compared with open cultivation,the kiwifruit leaf disease incidence in protected cultivation decreased by71.3%,and the rate of sun burn fruits in protected cultivation decreased by 86.8%.Because protected cultivation improved the microenvironment of ＇Hongyang＇ kiwifruit growth,the fruit yield and the weight per fruit increased by 126%and 19.1%respectively.The after-ripening fruits of protected cultivation were 18.2%in soluble solid content and 160 mg/100 g in vitamin C content,being respectively3.4%and 25%higher than those of open cultivation,tasting very sweet and less sour and also effectively improving fruit peel brightness.From the above results it was concluded that protected cultivation could effectively improve the fruit yield and quality of ＇Hongyang＇ kiwifruit.