城市自然保护区动物廊道构建技术研究

Researches on Designing Technology of Animal Corridor in Urban Nature Reserve

随着城市的快速发展,城市自然生态体系受到人类活动强烈的冲击,城市景观严重破碎化,城市自然保护区也受到城市建设的挤压和干扰而孤岛化,呈割裂的斑块状,生态风险加剧。因此,构建动物廊道成为保护城市自然保护区完整性和连续性的关键。深圳是我国城市化强度较高的地区,该城市的自然保护区正受到城市建设的强烈挤压与冲击,城市自然保护区受人为干扰而割裂,生境遭到不同程度的破坏,生物多样性退化的形势极其严峻。作者通过现场调查、数据资料分析、专家咨询和GIS分析等手段,开展了大鹏半岛自然保护区动物廊道构建技术研究。结果显示,大鹏半岛自然保护区野生动物资源较为丰富,有珍稀濒危动物及保护动物61种。结合大鹏半岛自然保护区动物恢复的实际情况,确定了动物廊道恢复的原则,进而确定了两栖类、爬行类和哺乳类动物的恢复对象。结合国际国内廊道恢复构建理论框架,提出了大鹏半岛自然保护区廊道构建的3种类型(景观型、线性型和踏脚石型)、与之相对应的物种及其适宜的生境。就这3种不同类型的廊道进一步提出了恢复构建的原则、技术方法、保护对象的现状分布与潜在分布,并绘制了动物廊道构建示意图。该研究可为城市自然保护区动物廊道恢复提供参考。

With the rapid development of cities, the natural eco-system has been badly hit, the urban nature reserves are being squeezed and interference, and the urban landscape is severely fragmented and patchy, resulting in the ecological risk increased, so to build an animal corridor is a key point to protect the integrity and continuity of the city nature reserve. Shenzhen is the strength of our highly urbanized areas, nature reserves in the city are being squeezed and the strong impact of urban construction. Urban nature reserves are disturbance and fragmentation, habitat also suffered varying degrees of damage, and the situation of biodiversity conservation is extremely serious. In this study, the Dapeng Peninsula nature reserve was taken as a case to explore the construction techniques of animal corridor in urban nature reserve, hoping to give an experience for the construction of animal corridor in urban nature reserves and the biodiversity conservation. The construction technology for animal corridor in Dapeng Peninsula Nature Reserve was carried out through field investigation, data analysis, expert advice and GIS analysis and other means. Results showed that, wildlife resources are more abundant in Dapeng Peninsula, with an approximately of 61 rare, endangered and protection animals. Combined with the actual situation of animal recovery in Dapeng Peninsula Nature Reserve, the principles of animal corridor restoration was determined, including the characteristics of the ecosystem, whether animals need a new physical channel, the extent of the protected animals, nature and ornamental characteristics, and consequently to determine the recovery object of amphibians, reptiles and mammals. Combined with domestic and international theoretical framework of corridor, three restoration types of animal corridor （landscape type, linear type and a stepping stone to type）, corresponding to species, and its habitat were proposed for Dapeng Peninsula nature reserve. The restore of the animal corridor, the principles of building technical methods, the potential distribution and conservation distribution of the object for these three different types were further proposed. The schematic diagrams of the animal corridor construction were also draw. The animal corridor constructed technology could be valuable and useful to the construction of animal corridor in Dapeng Peninsula Nature Reserve, to accelerate the material, energy, information conversion within the ecosystem, and to promote a healthy direction of eco-systems in future. Furthermore, the construction technology of animal corridor will also provide a reference for the restore of animal corridor of urban nature reserves.