朝鲜停战中的中立国监察委员会

Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission in Korean Armistice

中立国监察委员会是监督朝鲜停战的重要机构之一。关于该机构的职能和地位,《朝鲜停战协定》有关条款做出了明确的法律界定。但该机构从酝酿成立及之后的职能实施却历经波折。该机构的成立主要源于中国的朝鲜停战监督构想,即让中立国监督朝鲜停战,这与美国所主张的让联合国监督朝鲜停战的根本理念相冲突。因而,在停战谈判过程中,美国就竭力限制该机构的职能地位。该机构成立之后,美国又竭力破坏其在停战监督中的职能实施,使其难以在韩国立足。最终,美国单方面迫使该机构撤往非军事区,使其无法正常行使停战监督职能,成为形同虚设的机构。

Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission is one of the important organizations which supervises the implementation of Korean Armistice. Its functions and position have been clearly and legally defined in Korean Armistice Treaty,however,the process of its establishment and the implementation of its functions are filled with twists and turns. This organization mainly originated from China＇s conception that the neutral nations should supervise Korean Armistice, which was in conflict with America＇s notion that the UN should take on this responsibility. Thus,in the process of truce negotiation,America tried to limit its position and after its establishment,she strenuously did damage when it implemented its functions in truce supervision and made it difficult to find a foothold in Republic of Korea. At last,America unilaterally forced this organization to withdraw to the demilitarized zone which made it impossible to normally perform its functions of truce supervision and became an organization that existed in name only.