语义语法建构的原则及思维与文化的指向性

The Constructional Principle of Semantic Grammar and Its Thinking and Cultural Orientation

印欧语形式语法的组织原则是上、下位概念之间的判断与推理,其反映的是语言结构的聚合性关系;汉语语义语法建构的基础是以转喻和隐喻为手段,实现相关概念之间语义要素的抽象与组合,其体现的是语言结构的组合性关系。形式语法是显性的、标记的;语义语法是隐性的、语义的。与形式语法相比,语义语法更贴近于人们的思维和认知,在语义语法研究的过程中,思维和文化的因素不可或缺。

The Indo-European formal grammar is based on the judgment and reasoning process between upper level and lower level concepts which reflect the paradigmatic relation of linguistic structure. The foundation of Chinese semantic grammar is the abstraction and combination of the semantic features which is realized by the means of metonymical and metaphorical mechanisms. Formal grammar is realized by the overt and marked forms while semantic grammar is realized by the covert and semantic forms. Compared with the formal grammar, semantic grammar is much approached to human being＇s thinking and cognitive modes. In the process of semantic grammar study, thinking and cultural factors should not be neglected.