式图与式盘

Shitu and Shipan

《日书》表示时空坐标体系的图画“式图”，以及日者使用的操作器具“式盘”，过去因为材料缺乏，无法说明这两种不同物质载体之间的关系，近年由于考古发掘获得了时代较早的式盘，使得这个问题有了全新的研究条件。本文拟厘清式盘的早期形制，并联系相关式图，希望对于式占的形成有更进一步的认识。现按照年代将出土式盘罗列于下。

The Ershiba xiu zhan （Divination Diagram with the 28 Lunar Mansions） in the bamboo slips of the Qin Dynasty unearthed at Zhoujiatai in Jingzhou and Riting （Diagram of the Court of the Sun） in the bamboo slips of the Han Dynasty unearthed at Kongjiapo in Suizhou are the shitu （cord-hook diagram） with the function of divination, which could be conducted based on the months, heavenly stems and earthly branches and the time section names. The shitu in the silk book unearthed from the Mawangdui Han Tombs and the shipan （cosmic board） unearthed from the Han tomb at Lianying Village in Liuji Town, Yizheng, Jiangsu had the same composition and design, both of which had the ＂riting tu （diagram of the court of the sun）＂ as the basic structure, showing that the shitu and shipan had close relationship, both were the products of the simulation of the cosmos in the board divination. Influenced by the ＂Gaitian Theory （the cosmological model envisaging the heaven as a hemispherical dome over a flat square earth）＂ in the later time, the shipan evolved into the combination of the circular inner board and the square outer board.