近代文凭造假与社会组织参与治理:以留日文凭造假和上海律师公会为例

On the Fake Japanese Diploma and the Regulations of the Social Organization in Modern China

为应对民族危机和社会转型,近代国家积极倡导、鼓励出国留学,优先录用归国留学生,由此掀起了近代中国史上大规模的留学潮流,其中尤以留学日本占多数。受文凭主义及外国文凭甄别难的影响,出现大量假冒日本大学文凭、混入重要职位的现象,其中以骗取律师资格进入律师行业最为严重。为此,近代国家进行了积极治理,虽然治理效果不显,但以上海律师公会为代表的社会组织的治理却较有成效。

In modern China, to reply the social transformation and the national crisis, the government advocates study abroad and give the preference to the overseas returned students. So students studying in Japan grew rapidly. With the credentialism, the fake Japanese diploma were rampant everywhere. There are so many fake diplomas in lawyers. Although the modern government had taken various measures upon these problems, hut not eradicated. The government authorized social organizations such as Shanghai lawyers＇ association to regulate. The Shanghai lawyers＇ association had found the record of school archives by alumni and taken various measures such as the rule of membership introducer to keep off the fake diploma. On the other hand, overcome difficulties, check diploma and repel the fake lawyers together with the government. The historical experience of the social organization provides useful resource and reference for the regulation of fake diploma today.