留学生回流的技术外溢效应——基于中国省际面板数据的实证研究

Technological Spillovers Effect of Backflow of Overseas Students:An Empirical Study Based on Provincial Panel Data in China

经济全球化时代,人才跨国流动已成为国际技术外溢的重要渠道。文章从人力资本效应、物质资本效应、竞争示范效应和网络集聚效应等方面探讨留学生回流的技术外溢效应作用机理,在经典CH模型基础上构建留学生回流的技术外溢测度模型,并以中国留学生为研究对象进行实证检验。通过对2000-2011年中国30个省市区及七大区域的面板数据研究发现:中国留学生回流的技术外溢效应显著,但国内研发投入的增加对技术进步的影响大于留学生回流;中国留学生回流的技术外溢效应存在显著的地区差异,且留学生回流对TFP的间接作用呈明显区域异质性特征;留学生回流的技术外溢效应仍存在较大提升空间。

In the era of economic globalization, transnational flow of talents has become an important channel for international technological spillovers. This paper discusses the technological spillover mechanism of overseas students＇ backflow from the perspective of the effects of human capital, material capital, competition and demonstration and network agglomeration. On the basis of the classical CH model, the paper builds the measurement model of technological spillovers of returning overseas students and conducts an empirical test based on Chinese overseas students. By analyzing the provincial panel data of China＇ s 30 provinces during the period from 2000 to 2011, the paper comes up with results showing that the technological spillovers effect of the backflow of Chinese overseas students is significant, but the impact of the increase in domestic R＆D invest- ment on the technological progress is greater than that of overseas students＇ backflow. Furthermore, there are significant regional differences in technological spiUovers effects, and the regional heterogeneity of the indirect effect of the backflow of Chinese overseas students on TFP is also significant. To conclude, the paper believes that there is still considerable room to improve the technological spillovers effect of the backflow of overseas students.