走出国际法范畴的海洋法——服务于我国海洋基本法建设的思考

Ocean Law Surpasses the Scope of International Law——For the Enactment of Ocean Law in China

制定我国海洋基本法面临着一个理论难题,即学界普遍认可的海洋法理论一时还无法接受注定要突破国际法界限的海洋基本法。领土法意义上的海洋法只能是国际法。调整海洋共有事务的海洋法既可以是国际法,也可以是国内法。海洋法是调整国家间海洋归属和利用等关系,处理国际社会的海洋公共事务、主权国家的国内海洋事务的法,是调整国家间海洋归属和利用等关系,处理国际社会海洋公共事务、主权国家国内海洋事务的行为规范构成的整体。新海洋法概念给主权国家的海洋法制建设提供了强有力的理论支持,为在我国制定海洋基本法排除了理论障碍。我国的海洋基本法应当涵盖如下三部分:处理国家间关系的海洋法、用于调整已被纳入国际海洋法调整范围内的国际社会共有海洋事务和兼具共有事务特征的公共海洋事务的海洋法、用于调整国际海洋法不曾涉及或不应涉及的国内海洋事务的海洋法,并应为这三个部分的建设和实施提供统一的指导思想和基本原则。

In the debate on whether to enact a basic ocean law in China,the academia faces a difficult theoretical question.The ocean law theory widely recognized by the academia cannot accept a basic ocean law which surpasses the scope of international law.The ocean law regulating territory issues have to be a piece of international law;while the ocean law regulates common affairs can either be an international law or domestic law.The standpoint that ocean law is composed of both international law and domestic law will be a strong support to the ocean law construction in a sovereign state and will remove the theoretical obstacle hindering the enactment of ocean law in China.The basic ocean law should includes：（1）the ocean law regulates inter-state relations;（2）the ocean law regulates the international common affaires which already have been incorporated into the international ocean law and the public affairs which have a common characteristics;（3）the ocean law regulates the domestic ocean affairs which have not been touched upon by the international ocean law.