非法外国移民在中国的现状、症结与对策

Illegal Immigrants in China:the Present Situation,Crux and Countermeasures

非法外国移民问题在中国的产生和发展,有着深刻的中国经济与社会快速发展的背景。21世纪以来,中国已成为具有吸引力的一些欠发达国家的非法移民的移民目标国。非法入境、非法居留和非法就业的"三非"外国人,主要聚集在珠三角、长三角和北京及东北地区。非法外国人在中国愈演愈烈的原因是:针对外国人的管控立法滞后;处罚标准过低;部门间缺乏有效相互支持;存在外国人管理盲区;遣送机制不顺等。解决在华非法外国移民问题的对策是:制定和实施完整规制的《中华人民共和国移民法》;加大对外国人的"三非"行为的处罚力度,可直接入刑;组建移民和难民部门;尽快建立全国联网的、各部门共享的外国人信息管理系统;公安部门理顺遣送机制、培训与建立高标准的涉外管理队伍;制定和实施《中华人民共和国外国人在华临时安置与社会救助实施办法》,将无法遣送出境的"三非"外国人和获得中国政府认可的难民,给予人道主义的安置和社会救助。

The emergence and development of China＇s illegal immigration problems have a profound background with China＇s economic and social rapid development.China has been an attractive immigration country to some undeveloped countries＇ illegal people since the 21 st.Illegal immigrant,illegal residence and the illegal employment of the ＂Three-illegal＂foreigners mainly gather in the Pearl River Delta,Yangtze River Delta and Beijing and Northeast China.The situation of illegal foreigners in China becoming worse has some reasons.Firstly,the legislation on managing and controlling foreigners lags behind.Secondly,the punishment standard is too low.Thirdly,there is a lack of effective mutual support between departments.Fourthly,there exist some management blind areas to foreigners.Also,the repatriation mechanism isn＇t smooth.The countermeasures to solve the illegal immigrants＇ problem are as follows：firstly,the central government should formulate and implement a complete and regulated Immigration Law of People＇s Republic of China.Secondly,China should increase the punishment penalties to ＂Three-illegal＂foreigners;and some immigrants can be sentenced directly.Thirdly,China can set up an immigration and refugee department.Fourthly,China should establish a foreigners＇ information management system nationwide as soon as possible,and every department can share the information.Fifthly,the public security department should straighten up the repatriation mechanism,train and establish a high standard team of foreign management.In addition,China should formulate and implement Measures of PRC on Foreigners with temporary placement and social assistance methods in China.Chinese government should support humanitarian resettlement and social assistance to ＂Three-illegal＂foreigners who can＇t be deported and the refugees recognized by Chinese government.