论《大学》与《中庸》的天人关系

On the Relationship Between Man and Nature in The Great Learning and The Doctrine of the Mean

本文立足于文献,尤其是先秦儒家的文献,在对《大学》、《中庸》的关键词进行训诂考证和文献思想分析的基础之上,对《大学》的"明明德"、"格物"和《中庸》的"中"和"天命之谓性"等概念与判断的含义及其与文献思想的关系进行了深入的研究,探赜索隐,阐幽表微,深刻揭示了这两部经典的宗教性内涵,系统阐述了在儒家哲学理论框架下,人之所以为人者只有在"天"与"人"的关系之中才能充分实现的根本道理。本文以先秦儒家由原始宗教向人文主义转型的历史脉络为依据,刷新了历代关于"格物、致知"、"中"、"天命之谓性"的各种观点,为现代人格物致知、正心诚意、修身齐家,走向社会,走向世界,加强道德修养,去做一个真正有根底、有理想、有道德、有践履的人,提供了重要的现代诠释。

Grounded on various literatures throughout the ages, especially the literature of Pre-Qin Confucianism, and with the critical interpretation and analysis of the key words and thoughts in The Great Learning and The Doctrine of the Mean, this article explains in details the meaning of the words, terms and sentences in these two classics, such as ＂ illustrating illustrious virtue＂, ＂the investigation of things＂ in The Great Learning and ＂what Heaven has conferred is called the nature＂ in The Doctrine of the Mean, and further discusses their relationships with these two classics as a whole, to reveal profoundly the religious connotation of these two classics, and to expound systematically the truth that only under the relationship between Heaven and Human can human-beings embody their important value of human beings of ＂Happiness and morality＂ under the theoretical framework of Confucianism. In accordance with the historical venation that Pre-Qin Confucianism transformed from original religion to humanistic religion, this article renovates the traditional ideas of ＂the investigation of things＂ and ＂extension of knowledge＂, and provides important modern explanation for modern people to investigate things and to extend to the utmost their knowledge, to rectify their hearts and to be sincere in their thoughts, to regulate their families and to order well their states, to walk to the society and to the world, to enhance moral cultivation, and finally, to get to the well-being of real men.