论当代中国文化保守主义的困境及传统文化问题——以儒教在当代中韩两国的命运为例

The Dilemma of Cultural Conservatism of Modern China and the Issue of Culture

本世纪初以来在中国大陆兴起的文化保守主义思潮,以直指政治禁区,要求在现实政治上复兴儒教政治体制、教育体制为主要特征。由大陆新儒家主导的儿童读经热、建立宗教性儒教组织、儒教网站等,使当代中国呈现出复兴传统文化的时代思潮,但也因此陷入了政治上的专制与民主、文化上的等级与平等、经济发展上的"中体西用"与"全盘西化"之争。同时,因为坚执"儒学(教)是中国传统文化的代表"而导致当代中国在传统文化问题上陷入"多元文化论"所造成的模糊文化心态中,以致百余年来始终无法弄清什么是传统文化的精华,什么是糟粕,只能在"批判地继承"中陷入民族文化的思维困境。本文以哲学上对"传统文化"与"文化传统"的概念界定,尝试使当代中国走出儒学(教)与传统文化及现代化的历史纠葛与现实困境,为传统文化的复兴与创新提供哲学依据。

The wave of cultural protectionism that has swept China's Mainland since the beginning of this century sets as its aim the reform of the forbidden zone of politics, calling for a real-world renaissance of the Confucian political and educational systems. Under the guidance of the new Confucianism, children are being encouraged to read the classics in large droves; Confucianism as sort of religious organizations are being established; in addition, websites promoting Confucianism have been set up. All these have contributed to the trend of the times, namely the revival of Chinese traditional culture in modern China. However, at the same time, the new Confucianism has fallen into the controversy of the despotic vs. the democratic; the culturally hierarchical vs. the egalitarian; and the ＂ Chinese-essence-Western-function＂ vs. ＂complete Westernization＂ economic development paradigms. At the same time, because it is held that ＂Confucianism represents traditional Chinese culture＂, modern Chinese have slipped into an ambiguous mentality with regard to traditional culture; this mentality is caused by ＂pluralistic cultural theory＂. As a result, for over one hundred years, it has been difficult to ascertain exactly what are the cream and rubbish of culture, respectively; the only way to pass on traditional culture is through criticism that leaves Chinese traditional cultural in a dilemma of thought. Through a philosophical demarcation of ＂traditional culture＂ and ＂cultural tradition＂ , this paper attempts to help modern China escape from the historical dispute and present-day predicament presented by Confucianism, traditional culture, and modernization, thus providing philosophical basis for the revival and original creativity of traditional Chinese culture.