南京市3～6岁儿童单脚站立常模构建与分析

Norm construction and analysis of one - leg balance in children aged 3 to 6 years in Nanjing

目的构建南京市3～6岁儿童单脚站立常模，为评价儿童静态平衡提供依据，也可作为儿童体能测评的内容之一，应用于儿童体能测评。方法采用分层随机抽样的方法，从南京市11个区县中随机抽取5个区，每个区按随机数字表法抽取4所幼儿园，每所幼儿园按随机数字表法抽取65例3—6岁健康儿童，最终共计1282例儿童选为研究对象，分别测试儿童左右脚单脚站立的最长站立时间。结果获得3～6岁男女儿童左右脚单脚站立时间第5百分位、第25百分位、第50百分位、第75百分位、第95百分位（P5、P25、P50、P75、P95）参考值。3—6岁儿童随年龄增长，单脚站立时间逐渐增加，各年龄组女童单脚站立时间大于男童，差异均有统计学意义（t=2．552、4．680、2．732、2．074、2．538、2．065，P均〈0．05）。左右脚单脚站立时间差别不大（t=0．952、1．011、0．545、1．622、0．183、0．989，P均〉0．05）。结论单脚站立是静态平衡能力发展及评价儿童体能的一项重要指标，常模构建的结果可为评价儿童静态平衡能力和平衡功能训练提供依据，并可作为儿童体能测评的内容。

Objective To construct the norm of the one - leg balance of 3 - 6 years old children and provide the basis for assessing children＇s static balance. The results can used as one of the children＇s physical fitness evaluation content and applied into the fitness test. Methods The stratified random sampling method was used to select kinder- garten children in 5 major areas out of 11 districts or counties in Nanjing, and 4 kindergartens were selected from each selected district according to the random number table method, with 65 healthy children in each selected kindergarten. Totally, 1 282 children of 3 - 6 years old were tested. The maximum scores by three trials were used as the one - leg balance score for each leg. Results The percentile 5,25,50,75,95 values of the one - leg balance of 3 - 6 years old children were recorded, respectively. The findings indicated that the maximum one - leg balance scores went up with the increase of age,and one - leg balance scores of the girls＇ was greater than those of boys＇ （ t = 2. 552,4. 680,2. 732, 2. 074,2. 538,2. 065, all P 〈 O. 05 ）, and there was no difference between the right leg and the left leg （ t = O. 952, 1.011,0.545,1. 622,0. 183,0.989, all P 〉 0. 05 ）. Conclusions One - leg balance mainly reflects the ability of chil- dren＇s static balance. It is an important item of fitness. The results can provide clinicians with preliminary descriptive data for the one - leg balance of 3 - 6 years old children and provide reference for evaluating children＇s ability of static balance and balance training. One - leg balance can also be regarded as an essential item of fitness test.