联合提取铁皮石斛中生物碱及多糖的研究

Study on Combined Extraction of Alkaloids and Polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale

为提高铁皮石斛有效成分的综合利用效率,本研究利用闪式提取法对其中的生物碱、结合多糖与游离多糖进行了联合提取,并对酶解条件进行了优化。通过单因素试验所确定的最佳酶解条件为:料液比1∶30、纤维素酶添加量32 U/g、木瓜蛋白酶添加量39200 U/g、酶解时间2.5 h。生物碱、结合多糖及游离多糖的得率分别为0.136%、4.2%及19.3%;纯度分别为78.2%、81.3%及90.6%。利用GPC测定所提取的结合多糖及游离多糖的重均分子量分别为2373 Da、17987 Da。本研究确定了利用铁皮石斛联合制备生物碱及多糖的工艺,本工艺方法简便、成本低廉,适于工业化生产。

Dendrobium officinale is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine. It contains a variety of active ingredients,such as alkaloids and polysaccharides. In this study,the flash extraction technology and enzymatic hydrolysis were used to extract alkaloid,joined and free polysaccharide from D. officinale. The enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were optimized using a series of one-factor-at-a-time experiments. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions were as follows： 1∶ 30 material/solvent ratio,32 U/g cellulose,39200 U/g papain and 2. 5 h hydrolysis time. The extraction yields of alkaloid,joined and free polysaccharide were： 0. 136%,4. 2% and 19. 3%,respectively. The purities were： 78. 2%,81. 3%and 90. 6%. The molecular weights of joint and free polysaccharides were 2373 Da and 17987 Da,which were determined by GPC. This study developed a combined extraction process of alkaloids and polysaccharides from D. officinale.The process was efficient,convenient and suitable for industrial production.