对立违抗障碍儿童的家庭教养方式及对其症状的影响——一项质性研究分析

The Parenting Styles for Children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Their Impact on the Symptoms: a Qualitative Analysis

目的:考察会引发隔代抚养家庭对立违抗障碍儿童的家庭教养行为及造成的对立违抗症状表现。方法:应用访谈法对29名符合对立违抗障碍标准的独生儿童、儿童家长和儿童教师进行访谈。结果:从祖父母对儿童的教养行为、父母对儿童的教养行为、祖父母与父母间的教养行为、父母之间的教养行为这样一个家庭互动方式的角度对访谈资料进行分析。其中,祖辈的溺爱,父辈的低父母参与度、过度严苛、简单、粗暴的教养策略,不良的亲子沟通,自身教养行为的不一致,不同养育者(祖辈与父辈、父母)间不一致是不良的教养方式,是引发儿童对立违抗障碍的家庭教养行为。结论:在对立违抗儿童的干预中,应加大父辈在儿童教养中的参与度,减少祖父母与父母异辈之间、父母之间的不一致教养行为,还应把祖辈纳入到干预体系中,并为家庭提供一些具体的教养技能。

This study aims to explore the parenting styles in grandparenting families resulting in oppositional defiant disorder （ODD） and how the parenting styles affect ODD symptoms, by interviewing 29 children with ODD, their parents and teachers. The results show that such bad parenting styles as the spoiling from grandparents, rare parental involvement, over-stringent requirements, simple and brutal parenting strategies, ineffective parent-child communication, and inconsistent parenting styles from fathers and mothers or from grandparents and parents, result in ODD. In conclusion, the study suggests increasing parents＇ involvement in parenting, decreasing the inconsistent parenting between grandparents and parents, or between fathers and mothers, and providing the families with specific parenting strategies.