重金属污染土壤的生物修复技术研究进展

Research Progress of Bioremediation on Heavy-Metal Contaminated Soil

简述了土壤重金属污染的危害及我国当前土壤重金属污染的形势与现状。与传统、物理化学技术相比,生物修复技术具有简单、高效的优点,具有广阔的发展前景与研究价值。生物修复包括植物修复、微生物修复、动物修复以及联合修复,目前该技术尚处于研究与发展阶段,在实际大规模重金属修复应用中仍存在一定的缺陷和不足。从植物修复技术、微生物修复技术、动物修复技术及其联合修复技术4个方面简述了生物修复技术在重金属污染土壤治理中的研究进展与其各自的优点和缺点,最后探讨了生物修复技术现存在的不足之处及未来的研究方向。

This paper provides a brief introduction to the hazards and situation of soils contamination by heavy metals in China. Compared with the traditional physical and chemical technologies, bioremediation technology has the advantages of simplicity and high efficiency with wide developing and research prospects. However, bioremediation technology is still at the stage of research and development at present with some shortcomings in the actual application of large-scale heavy metal remediation, including phytoremediation, micro-remediation, animal remediation and associated remediation. The progress in the research of bioremediation for heavy-metal contaminated soil is reviewed, including phytoremediation, micro-remediation, animal remediation and associated remediation, and their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, some disadvantages of bioremediation in soil pollution treatment are presented and the future of this research field is looked into.