科学与救国:近代中国科学观念开展的历史语境

Science and National Salvation: the Historical Context of Science in Modern China

近代中国人对科学的认识与接受,与救国的历史语境有很大关系,大致经历了技术救国、政治救国、实业救国和文化救国几个阶段。科学在每个阶段几乎都成为各种救国主张背后的价值基础和推动力量。然而,在不同的阶段,人们对于科学本质和科学功能的认识又不尽相同,导致了科学本土化与普遍性之间出现了一定张力。

Chinese people＇s cognition of science has its historical context in modem China. Generally, it has experienced technical, revolutionary, in- dustrial and cultural national salvation phases. In each phase, science has functioned as a value basis and driving force of national salvation. However, science presented to Chinese people with different nature and function in every phase, which led to complex contradiction and tension between sci- ence localization and universality.