露天煤矿排土场不同配置人工植被对草本植物物种多样性的影响

Effect of re-vegetation on herbage plant species diversity of dumping site in an open pit coal mine

2012年8—9月对黑岱沟露天煤矿北排土场乔木、乔木+灌木、乔木+草本(禾本科)、乔木+草本(豆科)和撂荒地5种人工植被配置条件下草本植物种类和数量进行了调查。结果表明:撂荒地的植物物种多度为181.00±12.52,显著高于其他植被配置条件的物种多度;撂荒地和乔木+草本(豆科)配置的植物物种丰富度最高,分别为4.50±0.95和4.78±0.87,显著高于其他植被配置条件的物种丰富度。植物物种多度、丰富度与土壤有机质和全氮呈正相关,与磷含量呈显著负相关。增加排土场浅层土壤有机质和全氮含量,控制土壤磷的输入是促进露天煤矿排土场植物物种多样性恢复的有效措施。促进排土场草本植物多样性恢复,应优先考虑种植能够明显改善土壤质量的物种,如豆科植物。

A quantitative survey of plant species was carried at the northern dumping site m meHeidaigou open pit coal mine in August and September of 2012. A total of five re-vegetation typeswere selected for the plant species composition and diversity survey： tree, tree ＋ shrub, tree ＋herbage （Gramineae）, tree ＋ herbage （Leguminosae） and abandoned farmland. The resultsshowed that species abundance of the abandoned farmland was 181.00_＋12.52, being higher thanthat of the other re-vegetation types. Species richness of the abandoned farmland and tree ＋ herb-age （Leguminosae） （4.50±0.95 and 4.78±0.87, respectively） was higher than that of the otherre-vegetation types. Species abundance and richness showed positive relationships with soil organicmatter and total nitrogen content, but negative relationships with soil phosphorus content. Increas-ing soil organic matter and total nitrogen contents in shallow layer is an efficient way to promoteplant diversity restoration at the dumping site. Also, we suggest that nitrogen-fixing plants shouldbe given a preference for re-vegetation.