成龄胶园间作不同薯类作物对土壤养分与土壤酶的影响

Effects of Intercropping Tuber Crops on Soil Nutrients and Soil Enzymes in Mature Rubber Plantation

为研究成龄胶园条件下间作薯类作物对胶园土壤养分和土壤酶的影响,以间作4种薯类作物的胶园为处理,单作胶园土壤为对照,采用土壤常规分析方法分别测定土壤养分和土壤酶,为成龄胶园薯类作物间作合理施肥和土壤培肥提供理论依据。结果表明:间作的4种薯类作物均不同程度降低了胶园土壤的有机质(除间作红薯外)、全氮(除间作红薯外)、全磷、速效磷含量、p H值、土壤脲酶活性、酸性磷酸酶活性(除间作红薯外)及过氧化氢酶活性(除间作芋头外),不同程度增加了铵态氮、硝态氮、全钾、速效钾含量及土壤蔗糖酶活性。说明成龄胶园间作薯类作物能改善土壤硝态氮、铵态氮、全钾及速效钾含量,短时期内能提高土壤的供氮、供钾能力,但降低了土壤磷含量和土壤磷的供应能力。由此可见,在成龄胶园内进行间作,必须加强作物施肥,以实现土壤养分的收支平衡,维护土壤功能、保护土壤质量。

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of intercropping tuber crops with mature rubber on soil nutrients and soil enzymes. Soil nutrients and soil enzymes were from different intercropping tuber crops of mature rubber plantation according to conventional determination method. Results showed that the organic matter content （except intercropping sweet potato）, total nitrogen （except intercropping sweet potato）, total phosphorus and available phosphorus content and pH value, soil urease activities, soil acid phosphatase activities （except inter- cropping sweet potato）, soil catalase oxidase activities （ except intercropping taro） in mature rubber plantation soils decreased after intercropping 4 species of tuber crops. However, the NH4 ~ -N content, NO3 - -N, total potassium, a- vailable potassium content and soil sucrase activities increased. These results demonstrated that intercropping tuber crops can improve the soil nitrogen and potassium supply capacity and decreased soil phosphorus supply capacity in short time. At the same time, these findings implied that we must strengthen the crop fertilization to make soil nutri- ent balance, maintain soil function and protect soil quality for the long-term success of intercropping in mature plan- tation.