石油污染盐碱土壤生物修复模式

Bioremediation Mode of Saline Soil Contaminated by Petroleum

石油污染盐碱土壤的生物修复从机理上看,最主要的作用是微生物的降解能力,而植物和其他措施则主要起着辅助和刺激土壤微生物发挥效用的作用。因此,将石油污染盐碱土壤的生物修复模式划分为生物强化、生物刺激以及生物强化和生物刺激组合的三大类。生物强化主要强调石油污染物降解的直接加强措施,使该作用成为修复的主流或强势;而生物刺激则强调环境因素的改变,使生物强化效果提高的各种间接措施。在实际应用过程中,生物强化和生物刺激联合模式是提高石油污染物快速降解转化的主要生物修复模式。目前国内外的研究结果表明,在降解率方面,生物刺激<生物强化<生物强化和生物刺激的组合。根据污染土壤的具体情况,一般采用的生物刺激手段越丰富,降解效果越好。一般地,影响石油降解的顺序为营养>表面活性剂>电子受体。因此,生物强化是生物修复的主体,辅助以适当的生物刺激手段是石油污染盐碱土壤生物修复模式的首选。而成本有限时,应优先考虑营养刺激。

Based on the mechanism of bioremediation,the most important body is to enhance the role of the microorganisms in remediating petroleum-contaminated saline soil,and plants and other measures mainly play the auxiliary role for stimulating the oil-degraded microbial activity. In this paper,the bioremediation modes of saline soil contaminated by petroleum are classified into three types,bioaugmentation,biostimulation,and combination of bioaugmentation biostimulation. Bioaugmentation mainly emphasizes those direct measures of strengthening the degradation of petroleum contaminants,which can make the role to stay or become a main or strong position mighty. Biostimulation actually emphasizes the change the environment of soil,and refers to all indirect measures in order to improve the effect of bioaugmentation. In the practical application,the combination of bioaugmentation and biostimulation is a main bioremediation mode to improve oil degradation and transformation rapidly. At present,the research results in all over the world show that the oil-degradation rate of biostimulation is less than rate of bioaugmentation which is less than the rate of combination of bioaugmentation and biostimulation. According to the specific circumstances of contaminated soils,the more abundant measures of biostimulation,the higher rate of the oil degradation. Generally,nutrition exerts more important influence on oil-degradation rate than surfactants which exert more important influence than electron acceptor. Therefore,using bioaugmentation as main body of biodegradation,assisted by appropriate biostimulation is the frist choice of bioremediation mode of saline soil contaminated by petroleum. If cost is limited,priority should be given nutritional stimulation.