镇江市妇女围绝经期综合征的发生情况及其影响因素研究

Study on the prevalence and influencing factors of female perimenopausal syndrome in Zhenjiang

目的：了解镇江市妇女围绝经期综合征的发生率并分析其影响因素。方法：采用随机抽样的方法,在镇江市随机抽取40-65岁的妇女进行问卷调查。问卷内容主要包括：一般情况、月经史、生育史、生活习惯和Kupperman绝经指数（KMI）评分。建立数据库,应用SPSS 17.0软件进行统计分析。结果：952例妇女完成问卷调查,平均绝经年龄为47.7岁,其中处于绝经前期514例,围绝经期166例,绝经后期272例。不同时期围绝经期综合征的发生率分别为：绝经前期35.4%,围绝经期65.1%,绝经后期71.7%。综合征的症状以轻度为主,绝经后期的重度比例显著高于另外两期。KMI评分的13项症状中,不同期各项症状发生率从7.72%到58.09%不等。绝经前期中出现频率最高的症状为疲乏（38.72%）,围绝经期为潮热出汗（51.81%）,绝经后期为性生活问题（58.09%）。χ^2检验显示围绝经期综合征与文化程度、职业、收入水平密切相关。妊娠和分娩次数与围绝经期综合征有关并具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：超过一半的妇女存在围绝经期综合征的症状,以轻度为主。妊娠次数、分娩次数、职业、文化程度以及经济收入水平与围绝经期综合征密切相关。

Objective： To understand the incidence rate of perimenopausal syndrome in Zhenjiang and analyze the influencing factors. Methods： Random sampling method was used to select the women aged 40- 65 years old for questionnaire investigation; the questionnaire mainly included general situation,menstrual history,reproductive history,living habits and Kupperman menopause index（ KMI）score. The database was established,and the data were analyzed statistically on SPSS 17. 0 software. Results： A total of 952 women participated in the survey,and the overall median age at menopause was 47. 7 years old,514 premenopausal women,116 perimenopausal women and 272 postmenopausal women were included. The incidence rates of perimenopausal syndrome were 35. 4% during premenopausal period,65. 1% during perimenopausal period and 71. 7% during postmenopausal period. Perimenopausal symptoms in most women were mild,the proportion of severe symptoms during postmenopausal period was higher than those during premenopausal period and perimenopausal period.Among 13 kinds of perimenopausal symptoms in KMI score,the incidence rates of various symptoms ranged from 7. 72% to 58. 09%. The symptoms with the highest frequency during premenopausal period, perimenopausal period and postmenopausal period were fatigue（ 38. 72%）,hot flashes（ 51. 81%）,sexual problems（ 58. 09%）,respectively. Chi- square test showed perimenopausal syndrome was closely correlated with educational level,occupation and income. Gravidity and parity were significantly correlated with perimenopausal syndrome（ P〈0. 05）. Conclusion： More than half of the women have symptoms of perimenopausal syndrome,but most of the symptoms are mild. Gravidity,parity,occupation,educational level and income are closely related to perimenopausal syndrome.