生物质炭对土壤养分淋溶的影响及潜在机理研究进展

Effects of biochar on soil nutrients leaching and potential mechanisms: A review

农田生态系统中土壤养分淋溶控制一直是农业环境领域的研究热点.生物质炭因其特殊的理化性质,具有增加土壤碳库储量、改善土壤质量和提高作物产量等作用.作为一种外源输入的新型功能材料,生物质炭将直接或间接参与农田生态系统土壤养分循环,并对土壤养分淋溶产生重要影响.本文重点针对生物质炭影响土壤养分淋溶的内在因素(如:生物质炭的物理和化学性质及其与土壤生物的相互作用等)进行分析,并结合生物质炭添加量、土壤类型、土层深度、施肥情况、时间动态变化等外在因素,对生物质炭影响土壤氮磷等养分淋溶情况进行了综述.在此基础上,阐明了生物质炭对土壤养分淋溶的4种潜在影响机制:即通过微孔结构或表面电荷直接吸附养分、通过影响土壤持水能力影响养分淋溶、通过与土壤微生物的相互作用影响养分循环、被吸附的养分优先通过细微生物质炭颗粒发生迁移.最后对生物质炭与土壤养分流失控制领域的研究方向进行了展望.

Controlling soil nutrient leaching in farmland ecosystems has been a hotspot in the re- search field of agricultural environment. Bioehar has its unique physical and chemical properties, playing a significant role in enhancing soil carbon storage, improving soil quality and increasing crop yield. As a kind of new exogenous material, biochar has the potential in impacting soil nutrient cycling directly or indirectly, and has profound influences on soil nutrient leaching. This paper ana- lyzed the intrinsic factors affecting how biochar affects soil nutrient leaching, such as the physical and chemical properties of biochar, and the interaction between biochar and soil organisms. Then the latest literatures regarding the external factors, including biochar application rates, soil types, depth of soil layer, fertilization conditions and temporal dynamics, through which biochar influences soil nutrient （especially nitrogen and phosphorus） leaching were reviewed. On that basis, four re- lated action mechanisms were clarified, including direct adsorption of nutrients by biochar due to its micropore structure or surface charge, influencing nutrient leaching through increasing soil water- holding capacity, influencing nutrient cycling through the interaction with soil microbes, and prefer- ential transport of absorbed nutrients by fine biochar particles. At last future research directions forbetter understanding the interactions between biochar and nutrient leaching in the soil were pro- posed.