AECOPD病原菌分布与耐药性分析

Pathogens distribution and drug resistance analysis of patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

目的了解慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者细菌感染的病原菌分布特点及耐药性情况。方法回顾性分析近6年来安徽医科大学第一附属医院老年呼吸内科740例AECOPD患者的痰培养及药敏结果。结果740例患者的痰培养阳性率为39.1%。314株阳性菌中革兰阴性细菌196株,占62.4%,常见菌依次为铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼溶血不动杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌、大肠埃希菌。革兰阳性细菌21株,占总数6.7%,常见菌依次为溶血葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌。真菌97株,占总数30.9%,最常见的是白色假丝酵母菌。革兰阴性细菌普遍对第3代头孢菌素、青霉素类抗生素耐药,对氨基糖苷类中度耐药,亚胺培南耐药性较低。革兰阳性细菌对大部分抗生素均有不同程度耐药,仅对利奈唑胺、万古霉素保持较高敏感性。真菌对抗真菌药普遍较敏感。结论 AECOPD患者细菌感染多以革兰阴性细菌为主,耐药性普遍。加强病原菌检测、掌握病原菌分布及耐药情况,为临床合理使用抗生素提供依据,从而减缓耐药菌的产生与传播。

Objective To understand the pathogenic bacteria distribution and drug resistance in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（AECOPD）. Methods The retrospective analysis was per-formed in the sputum culturs and drug resistance results of 740 patients with AECOPD. Results The positive rate of bacterial infection was 39. 1%. Among them, gram-negative bacteria were 196 strains （62. 4%）, gram-positive bacteria 21 strains （6. 7%）, and fungi 97 strains（30. 9%）. The main kinds of gram-negative bacteria were Pseud-omonas aeruginasa, Acinetobacter baumannii,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Escherichia-coli. Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus were the most frequent gram-positive bacteria. The major fungi was Candida albicans. Gram-negative bacteria showed high resistance to the third-generation cephalosporins,penicillins, moderate resistance to aminoglycosides,low resistance to imipenem. Gram-positive bacteria were resistant to many kinds of antibiotics, but they were responsive to linezolid and vancomycin. Fungi showed high sensitivity to antifungal agents. Conclusion The pathogens of AECOPD mainly are gram-nega-tive bacteria with a high drug resistance rate. To monitor pathogenic bacteria is conducive to master the pathogens distribution, drug resistance and provide the basis of rational use of antibiotics,which can slow down the emergence and spread of resistant bacteria.