高龄患者肺部感染治疗与预防

Treatment and Prevention of Lung Infection in Aged Patients

重症肺炎是临床上常见的急危重病之一。一方面,与正常成年人相比,高龄患者脏器储备功能明显下降,机体免疫力明显低下。因此,高龄患者肺炎容易发展到重症肺炎阶段,死亡率极高。另一方面,高龄患者患肺炎后,其咳痰能力下降,易合并高碳酸血症,导致精神状态低下,在患病初期不易被亲友发现。一旦被发现,多处于中度或重度肺炎阶段。本文就高龄患者肺炎的特点、ICU干预在防治高龄患者肺炎发展中的作用以及高龄肺炎的预防等作一综述,以提高社会大众及医务人员对高龄患者肺炎的认识,降低其病死率。

Severe pneumonia is one of the most common and acute critical illnesses.Due to the lower immunity and lower organ functions in aged population,it is very likely for those aged patients with pneumonia to develop into severe pneumonia,which leads to very high mortality.Furthermore,due to the decreased capacity of expectoration,aged patients with pneumonia often have comorbidity of hypercapnia,which leads to mental retardation in these patients.The sickness in aged people is hardly noticed by their families,and thus,most of pneumonia cases in seniors are often in the moderate or severe stages when they are diagnosed.Therefore,this paper aimed to summarize the role of ICU in the treatment and prevention of aged patients with pneumonia,and by which,to reduce the mortality of pneumonia in seniors via raising public attention on the severity of senior pneumonia.