疟疾与晚清民国云南生态环境

Malaria and Yunnan's Ecological Environment in the Period from the Late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China

疟疾是一种与生态环境密切相关的传染病。云南历史上长期称为瘴疫之区,疟疾分布在省西南、南部、东南地区和河流流经的河谷低地,地理范围极广,患者人数庞大,死亡惨烈,是云南头号传染病。晚清民国时期云南疟疾大流行有两次。清政府缺乏预防、控制和扑灭云南疟疾的办法,也没有设立相应的机构。1936年7月,云南全省卫生实验处成立,筹划推进疟疾防治工作,取得了一定的成效,但距离有效控制疟疾疫情的目标仍然遥远。

Malaria is an infectious disease closely associated with ecological environment.Historically,Yunnan was known as malaria epidemic area,where malaria was widely distributed in the southwest,south,southeast and the valleys.The malaria took the lives of numerous people,thus becoming the notorious endemic disease in Yunnan.There were two outbreaks of malaria in Yunnan during the period from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China.The Qing government was at its wits end about preventing,controlling and eradicating the disease,nor could it establish corresponding organizations to deal with the disease.Since Yunnan Health Laboratory Center was established in July 1936,it worked on preventing malaria,with relevant achievements;there is,however,still a long way to go before it can effectively control the disease.