宜昌市城区东部院前急救创伤患者的流行病学调查与分析

Epidemiological investigation and analysis on pre-hospital emergency of traumatic patients in the east of Yichang City

目的分析和探讨宜昌市城区东部创伤发生的规律和临床特点。方法采用回顾性调查研究2008年1月至2012年1月期间通过我院急诊科出动＂120＂接诊的3 531例创伤患者,记录包括年龄、职业、性别、致伤原因、创伤部位、院前时间等指标并进行统计学分析。结果我院＂120＂接诊的院前急救创伤患者人数呈逐年递增趋势,其人数占院前急救患者总人数的比例却不呈逐年递增趋势;院前急救创伤患者男女比值约为2.5：1;创伤高发人群为中青年人（平均年龄为36.25岁）,高发年龄段分别为21~30岁（18.86%）、31~40岁（23.65%）、41~50岁（24.16%）;我院接诊的3 531例创伤患者的创伤发生时间分布规律为：每年好发月份为9月、11月、12月,整体上来说下半年创伤发生率明显高于上半年,每周分布中以周一及周日创伤发生率高,每天好发创伤的时间段为14：00~16：00、18：00~22：00,尤以20：00~22：00为多;致伤原因位居前三位的分别为交通伤、摔伤、暴力伤,其在不同年龄段的分布有所不同,而男、女性在致伤原因中所占构成比也不同;创伤部位中前三位的分别为头颅和脑、下肢、胸部。结论以创伤好发时间、年龄等相关指标的流行病学规律为依据,组织医护人员进行专项培训,合理的分配急救资源,使创伤患者得到及时确切的救治,做好院前与院内救治的无缝连接,可大大减少创伤患者的致死率和致残率。

Objective To investigate and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the patients with trauma in the east of Yichang City.Methods The clinical data of 3 531 traumatic patients who were rescued by＂120＂of our hospital region from January 2008 to January 2012 were retrospectively analyzed,including age,occupation,gender,causes,wound areas and pre-hospital time.Results During this four-year period,the number of the first-aid traumatic patients accepted by＂120＂of our hospital was increased year by year.But the proportion that first-aid traumatic patients accounted for the total number of patients was not increased year by year.The ratio of male and female was about 2.5：1.The high-risk group of people for trauma was the young and the middle-aged,with the average age of 36.25 years old,ranged in 21~30 years（18.86%）,31~40 years（23.64%） and 41~50 years（24.16%）.Trauma mostly occurred in September,November,and December.The incidence of trauma in the second half of the year was significantly higher than that in the first half of the year.The attack of the disease was mostly found on Monday and Sunday,and in time periods of14：00~16：00 and 18：00~22：00,especially 20：00~22：00.The top three causes of trauma were traffic injuries,accidental falls and violence injury.The distribution of all of the causes was not consistent in different age groups.And the proportion of the causes was not identical among different gender.The top three positions of trauma were skull and brain,legs,chest.Conclusion Pre-hospital emergency of traumatic patients should be on the basis of the epidemiological regularity of indicators,such as times,age.We should actively organize specialized training for the staff and reasonably allocate the emergency resources to make the traumatic patients be treated timely and exactly.And successful connection of the pre-hospital and in-hospital treatment will greatly reduce the mortality and morbidity of traumatic patients.