“五水共治”的体制、机制、制度创新

Innovation on“Five Water Co Governance”System,Mechanism and Institution

"水危机"的本质是制度危机。针对"多龙治水"弊端要加强部门整合和统筹,针对"条块分割"弊端要加强"条"的功能和"块"的责任,针对"单打一"决策弊端要加强科学的综合决策,针对"运动员"与"裁判员"合一弊端要建立第三方检测体制。水资源配置和水环境保护往往面临政府失灵、市场失灵和社会失灵,因此,必须加强政府机制创新、市场机制创新和社会机制创新,同时加强三大机制的相互制衡机制的构建。"五水共治"需要制度体系的保障。制度体系包括管制性制度、经济性制度和社会性制度。不同制度之间可能存在替代性关系,也可能存在互补性关系。替代性制度要进行优化选择,互补性制度要进行组合强化。"五水共治"的制度创新不仅要加强制度体系的建设,而且要重视实施机制的建设。只有实施机制建设并落实到位,才能发挥制度绩效。因此,必须加强水污染举报机制、水环境监测机制、水生态评价机制、治水绩效考核机制、治水工作奖惩机制等实施机制的建设,并将这些机制逐一付诸实施。

The essence of＂Water crisis＂is institutional crisis. ＂Five water co governance＂have to strengthen the system,mechanism and institution innovation. In view of the disadvantages of＂fragmentation＂,we must strengthen the function of the ＂article＂and ＂blocks＂responsibility. To concentrate on the disadvantages of having ＂a one- track mind＂,we have to strengthen scientific and comprehensive decision. According to the drawbacks of ＂athlete＂and＂judge＂,it＇s important for us to establish the third party inspection system. Allocation of water resources and water environment protection are often confronted with government,market and society failure. Therefore,we must strengthen the innovation on government mechanism,market mechanism and social mechanism. ＂ Five water co governance ＂needs system security including the regulatory system,economic system and social system. There may be alternative relations between different systems and they may also exist complementary relationship. System innovation of＂five water co governance＂ not only strengthen the construction of system,but also pay attention to the construction of the mechanism of implementation. Therefore,we must construct the water pollution reporting mechanism,water environment monitoring mechanism,water ecological assessment mechanism,Water conservancy performance evaluation mechanism,harnessing of rewards and punishment mechanism.