正义的实现:个体的德性涵育与社会的政治建构——论亚里士多德的正义实现思想

On the Theory of Justice Realization of Aristotle

亚里士多德通过批判地继承柏拉图的正义思想,在《尼各马可伦理学》和《政治学》中第一次全面、系统地考察了正义概念的内涵及其种类,深入地探讨了如何实现正义的问题。在他看来,正义是人的一种守法且讲究平等的完满德性,其实现需要两个途径:一是个体的德性涵育,即个体应该做公正之事,培养公正、大度、友爱德性,过城邦生活;二是社会的政治建构,即社会应该建构一个体现公共利益的优良政体,实行法治,建立权力制衡机制。

By critically inheriting the ideas of platonic justice, AriStotle first investigates the connotation of justice and its types and deeply discusses the problem of how to realize justice in his Nicomachean Ethics and Politics in a complete and systematic way.In his opinion, justice is a perfect virtue which law-abiding and equal people pay attention to. In fact, two ways are needed to realize it： One is individual＇s moral cultivation, i.e. individuals should do just things, cultivate the virtue of justice, generosity, fraternity, and lead a life of polls; the other is the political construction of society, i.e. the society should construct a good government system which reflects the public interests, realize the rule of law and establish the mechanism of balance of power.