灌水与氮硫配施对冬小麦产量及水分利用的影响

Effects of Irrigation and Nitrogen-sulfur Combined Application on Grain Yield and Water Use Efficiency in Winter Wheat

为探讨灌水与氮硫配施对冬小麦产量及水分利用的影响,在大田条件下研究了小麦生育期内不灌水(W0)、仅灌拔节水(W1)、灌拔节水+开花水(W2),施氮52.5 kg/hm2(N0)、180 kg/hm2(N180),施硫0 kg/hm2(S0)、60 kg/hm2(S60)对冬小麦产量和水分利用的影响。结果表明:随灌水次数增加,籽粒产量和田间耗水量明显增加,水分亏缺时增施氮肥和硫肥,有利于干物质积累和产量提高,并促进了花前贮藏干物质向籽粒运转和分配;灌水和氮硫配施对花后干物质向籽粒中运输有促进作用。氮硫配施对不同水分状态下的水分利用差异较大,适当减少灌水(W1)相比不灌水(W0)水分利用效率明显提高,相比W2,增施氮硫可以增加土壤贮水的消耗。适当减少灌水、增施氮硫不仅可以降低灌水无效消耗量,还可以提高降水和土壤贮水的利用率,实现小麦增产和水分利用同步提高。

A field experiment was carried out to study the effect of irrigation and nitrogen-sulfur combined application on grain yield and water usage efficiency in winter wheat.The treatments were：no irrigation（W0）,irrigation at jointing stage（W1）,irrigation at both jointing and flowering stages（W2）,applying 52.5kg / ha nitrogen as CK（N0）,applying 180 kg / ha nitrogen（N180）,no sulfur as CK（S0）,and applying 60 kg / ha sulfur（S60）.Results showed that,with the increase of irrigation frequency,the grain yield and water consumption increased significantly.In the condition of water deficit,the application of nitrogen and sulfur could increase the dry matter accumulation and grain yield,and promote the transportation and distribution of dry matter accumulated before the anthesis into the grain.The irrigation and nitrogen-sulfur combined application could promote the transportation of after-anthesis dry matter into the grain.The combined application of sulfur and nitrogen had great difference in water utilization with different moisture conditions.The proper decrease of irrigation（W1） could obviously improve the water use efficiency,compared with no irrigation（W0）.Compared with the W2,increasing nitrogen and sulfur application could increase the consumption of soil water.Appropriately reducing the irrigation and increasing the sulfur and nitrogen could not only reduce the invalid irrigation consumption,but also improve the utilization efficiency of precipitation and soil storage water,so as to increase both the grain yield and the water utilization efficiency.