河南省大豆审定品种系谱来源及性状分析

Pedigree and Trait Analysis of Soybean Varieties Registered in Henan Province

为明确河南省大豆审定品种亲缘关系,借鉴有益于育种效果的经验与技术,分析了河南省1985—2012年审定的74个大豆品种的系谱来源、主要农艺性状和经济性状特点。结果表明,河南省审定的大豆品种可明确113个原始亲本,产量与原始亲本数量成显著正相关。河南省大豆审定品种的主要农艺性状中,生育期稳定在106 d左右,株高因品种而异,变化较大;产量构成因素中,单株荚数总体呈增加趋势,百粒质量则相对变化较小。113份原始亲本中,来自河南省及周边省份的原始亲本占总数的50%以上,各审定品种之间血缘关系过于密切。河南省大豆品种合理的产量构成因素应该是：单株荚数48.6个左右,百粒质量17.55~21.80 g。

To elucidate the genetic relationship of the soybean varieties regi-stered in Henan province,we analyzed the pedigrees,the major agronomic traits,and the economic traits of 74 soybean varieties registered in Henan province from 1985 to 2012,with reference to experience and technologies beneficial to breeding.The results indicated that these varieties originated from 113 parents,and positive correlation between the yield and the number of original parents was significant.In the major agronomic traits,the growth stage was about 106 days with relatively small variation,while the final height varied largely among these varieties.Among the factors affecting the final yield,the pod number per plant exhibited an increasing trend,while the variation of 100-grain weight was relatively small.More than 50% of the 113 original parents came from Henan province and its neighbor provinces,and the genetic relationship among the registered varieties was too close.The rational criteria of yield components of soybean varieties in Henan province should be as follows：the pod number per plant was about 48.6,with 100-grain weight ranging from17.55 g to 21.80 g.