康德道德神学的证明及其意义

Kant's Argument About Moral Theology and its Significance

在康德的哲学体系中,宗教作为一个相对独立的部分与其形而上学、伦理学鼎足而立。康德对神学的最大贡献在于他思辨地论证了其道德前提,完成了宗教道德根基的转换,并且在这块坚实的地基上建立起一座辉煌的道德神学大厦。康德在知识论层面对理性神学证明进行了批判,具体体现为对本体论证明、对宇宙论证明、对目的论证明的批判。康德从道德律、至善观、德福一致观等道德层面,对上帝存在进行了证明。康德道德神学证明的意义,体现为对传统神学的扬弃,对宗教道德根基的建立和对自由的指向。

The greatest contribution Kant does in his philosophical system to the theology lies in that he insighffully argues for a moral premise for theology, completing the transformation of the moral base of religion, and has built up a splendid mansion of moral theology on this firm ground. In the present essay, the author tries to explore the origins, principles and the inner logic of Kant＇s theology through researching into Kant＇s criticism against the traditional rational theology, so as to explore the profound significance of Kant＇s philosophical system.