中西太平洋渔业委员会公海登临和检查制度的分析和探讨

Analysis of Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission high seas boarding and inspection procedures

中西太平洋渔业委员会是唯一建立公海登临和检查制度的区域性金枪鱼渔业管理组织,旨在通过实施公海登临和检查以推进缔约方遵守和执行其养护管理措施,自2006年中西太平洋公海登临检查制度实施以来,一些国家或地区陆续开始对中西太平洋海域公海作业的渔船进行登临和检查,公海登临和检查的实施方的数量和实施次数逐年增加,严格的登临和检查对我国该海域金枪鱼渔业生产的履约责任带来较大的挑战。本文探讨了中西太平洋公海登临和检查制度的演变和发展,分析了中西太平洋公海登临和检查制度自执行以来实施的情况和特点,通过研究我国渔船自2011年来在中西太平洋地区接受公海登临和检查的案例,归纳和总结我国渔船违规情况的类型和原因,从而为确保中国金枪鱼渔业渔船在中西太平洋海域的生产秩序提供帮助,并建议:政府、企业、协会和科研单位等履约主体应协同配合,加强我国金枪鱼渔业自身能力建设,减少渔船违规作业,履行相关国际义务。

As the unique one in Tuna RFMOs （Regional Fishery Management Organizations ）which has established High Seas Boarding ＆ Inspection Procedures, Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission （WCPFC） promotes compliance by Commission members with conservation and management measures through carrying out the High Seas Boarding ＆ Inspection. Since 2006, some countries and areas started to board and inspect fishing boats successively in West and Central Pacific high seas, the parties taking part in the procedures and the times they implement the procedures increased with years. Strict high seas boarding ＆ inspection brings great challenges to conduct responsibility of China＇ s tuna fishing activities. In order to ensure the sustainable development of China＇ s tuna fishery in WCPFC waters, we summarized evolution and development of WCPFC High Seas Boarding ＆ Inspection, analyzed the implementation and characteristics of WCPFC High seas Boarding ＆ Inspection since the execution, and explored the categories and causes of the violations of Chinese fishing boats through studying related China cases of High Seas Boarding ＆ Inspection since 2011. We put forward suggestions that the government, enterprises, associations and scientific research units should enhance the capacity of Chinese tuna fishery together, reduce violations of rules by fishing boats and fulfill relevant international obligations.